That's Air Potion! If you drink that, your oxygen gauge will reduce less quickly when you're underwater for a short time. Are you interested, dear? It's only 20 Rupees.
That is a Guardian Potion. This stuff makes you feel invincible! It's a potion that reduces the damage you take for a little bit of time. If you find yourself facing an opponent who's a little out of your league, this is the potion for you! This kind of potion doesn't come cheap though. It's 200 Rupees. How about it?
That's a vat of Heart Potion. Drink this, dear, and it will replenish eight hearts. Why don't you pick some up for your adventure? It's only 20 Rupees. How about it?
This mysterious elixir is known as Revitalizing Potion! Simply pour it on a broken shield, and in moments the shield will be as good as new! It's amazing! Not only that, but this multipurpose mixture will even restore four hearts! How about some to take on your travels? It's only 30 Rupees!
Now that amazing concoction is called Stamina Potion. Drinking it will make your stamina gauge decrease more slowly for a short time. It's a little pricey but well worth it. I'll sell it to you for 50 Rupees!